Fluoropolymers
Description (definition)
Fluoropolymers are a group of high-performance plastics formed by the polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers such as tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). They are characterized by exceptional chemical resistance, high temperature stability, low friction and excellent electrical insulation. Due to these properties, fluoropolymers are used in the chemical industry, medical technology, electronics and aerospace.
Example
A well-known example is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is known under the brand name Teflon. PTFE is often used for non-stick coatings in pans and as a sealing material in chemical plants.
What types of fluoropolymers are there?
The best-known fluoropolymers include:
1. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene): High chemical resistance and temperature stability.
2. FEP (fluoroethylene propylene): More flexible and transparent than PTFE.
3. PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride): Excellent electrical and mechanical properties.
4. PFA (perfluoroalkoxy): Chemical and heat resistant with improved processability.
What are typical applications of fluoropolymers?
Fluoropolymers are used in the chemical industry for pipes, valves and seals as they are extremely resistant to corrosion. In electronics, they are used as insulation for high-performance cables, and in medical technology they are used in catheters and coatings as they are biocompatible.
What makes fluoropolymers unique?
The exceptional stability of the carbon-fluorine bond gives fluoropolymers their unique properties. They are virtually inert to chemicals, have a low surface energy (water and dirt repellent) and offer extreme temperature resistance of up to 260 °C, depending on the type.