Elastomers
Description (definition)
Elastomers are a group of polymers that are characterized by their high elasticity. These materials can be stretched considerably under load and return to their original shape when the load is removed. The structure of elastomers is based on widely cross-linked polymer chains that enable mobility and flexibility. They are often used in seals, damping elements, tires and cable sheathing.
Example
A classic example is natural rubber, which is used in car tires. The elasticity and resilience of the material ensure optimum grip, shock absorption and a long service life.
What distinguishes elastomers from other polymers?
In contrast to thermoplastics and thermosets, elastomers have a wide-meshed cross-linked structure that enables them to stretch considerably and regain their shape. They are not meltable like thermoplastics and retain their mechanical properties over a wide temperature range.
What types of elastomers are there?
The most important elastomers include
1. natural rubber (NR): High elasticity and tear resistance.
2. silicone elastomers (VMQ): Heat resistant and biocompatible.
3. styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR): Commonly used in tires.
4. ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM): High resistance to weathering.
Where are elastomers used?
Elastomers are used in many areas, including the automotive industry (tires, seals), construction industry (joint seals, insulating materials), medicine (silicone implants, catheters) and electronics (cable sheathing, dampers).